Nanotechnology in Agriculture

Over the past few decades, nanotechnology has revolutionized many industries by introducing materials and devices at the nanoscale—between 1 to 100 nanometers in size. In agriculture as well, the application of nanotechnology known as nanopesticides is emerging as promising tools to tackle challenges faced by farmers. By manipulating matter at the atomic or molecular scale, nanopesticides have the potential to deliver agrochemicals like pesticides, fungicides and fertilizers in a more efficient and sustainable way.

Targeted Action

One of the main advantages of nanotechnology is their targeted action. Conventional pesticides disperse in the environment and affect both pests and non-target organisms indiscriminately. Nanoparticles, on the other hand, can be engineered to release active ingredients only where needed. For instance, nano-encapsulated pesticides break open upon contact with the cuticle of target insects. This ensures the active ingredient acts only on pests feeding on treated plants, minimizing exposure to beneficial organisms and reducing environmental contamination. Some nanotechnology even have pest-specific germination properties—they remain inert until activated by triggers unique to certain pests.

Enhanced Efficacy

Due to their small size, Nanopesticides have a much larger surface area compared to bulk materials of the same composition. This property along with other unique characteristics at the nanoscale boost their performance. For example, peanut nanoemulsion of azadirachtin, a botanical pesticide, showed 10-15 times higher toxicity against aphids and whiteflies compared to the technical grade formulation. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles carrying pyrethroid insecticides achieved up to 6-fold increase in insecticidal potency. The massive surface area of some nanostructures also prevent pests from developing resistance to contained active ingredients.

Lower Application Rates
Since nanotechnology improves absorption and uptake of actives, far less quantity is needed when delivered through nanocarriers compared to traditional formulations. In many cases, nanopesticides demonstrated similar or better results than commercial pesticides at 1/10th or less of the standard application rate. Lower usage means reduced production cost for farmers. It also lessens the amount of chemicals released into the environment, minimizing associated risks. Ongoing research is exploring options like using nanochitosan or gold nanoparticles to deliver plant protection molecules through leaf stomata at ultra-low doses.

Controlled Release
Nanocarriers allow controlling the release of encapsulated actives based on varying environmental conditions or triggers. For example, layered double hydroxide nanoparticles maintain a steady release of oxyfluorfen herbicide over 30 days after a single soil application. Thermoresponsive liposomes developed by Chinese researchers release herbicide payloads faster at temperatures above 37°C simulating summer conditions preferred by weeds. Such tuneable release mechanisms minimize the number of sprays required. Programmed degradation of some nanostructures also prevents long-term persistence of actives in the environment.

Challenges for Commercialization
While laboratory trials clearly demonstrate the benefits of nanopesticides, there are still barriers to overcome before their widespread commercial adoption. High production costs currently limit scaling up of some nanotechnologies. Toxicity assessment of novel nanomaterials on non-target species needs to be comprehensive. Long-term environmental impacts including fate and transport of nanoparticles in different ecosystems remain poorly understood. Stricter regulations may be required to ensure safe manufacturing and application of nanopesticides. Public perception around 'nano' also influences acceptance of related agricultural technologies. Overall, further refinement of synthesis techniques and dosage forms alongside multi-location field validation are prerequisites for commercializing these promising tools.

Future Perspectives
Ongoing progress in material sciences, encapsulation methods and controlled release technologies holds promise to address present challenges. With food demand projected to rise significantly in the coming decades, sustainable intensification of agriculture is crucial. If designed responsibly, precisely targeted nanotechnology could help maximize crop protection while minimizing dependence on conventional pesticides. They may enable more effective management of pest resistance. Novel nano-delivery platforms also provide opportunities to integrate multiple agrochemicals or induce biochemical defenses in treated crops. Once commercialized, these state-of-the-art pest control options can empower smallholder farmers through improved yields and reduced input costs. With continued advancements, nanopesticides are paving the way for a greener agricultural transformation globally.

Get More Insights On,  Nanopesticides Market

About Author:

Ravina Pandya, Content Writer, has a strong foothold in the market research industry. She specializes in writing well-researched articles from different industries, including food and beverages, information and technology, healthcare, chemical and materials, etc. (https://www.linkedin.com/in/ravina-pandya-1a3984191)