Introduction In our digitally-driven world, images play a pivotal role in shaping narratives, influencing opinions, and disseminating information. However, this ubiquity of visuals has also given rise to a pressing concern—image authentication. With the ease of manipulation and the surge in fake visuals circulating online, distinguishing between authentic and manipulated images has...

Introduction Unseen beneath our feet lie intricate networks that power our modern lives, yet often escape our notice. These hidden infrastructures, like a bustling city beneath the surface, form the backbone of utilities that keep society functioning smoothly. One crucial aspect of managing these subterranean lifelines is utility mapping. This intricate process involves the comprehensive...