The crystal structure of the perovskite (CaTiO3) material is ABX3, and the lead halide perovskite material exhibits unique photoelectric properties, which has attracted a large number of scholars to study. The field of perovskite has developed rapidly in recent years, and its classification includes inorganic perovskite, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite, lead-free perovskite, etc. At present, perovskite can be successfully used in the research of semiconductors, light-emitting diodes, etc., and the rare earth elements refer to the lanthanide elements: lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm ), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), lutetium (Lu ), and a total of 17 elements, yttrium (Y) and scandium (Sc), which are closely related to lanthanides. Since the lanthanides gradually fill up their 4f electron shells from La to Lu, they are also called 4f elements. Because rare earth elements have unique physical, chemical and optical properties, they are widely used in many different fields such as light-emitting devices, photovoltaic devices, photoelectric semiconductor materials and photocatalytic materials. They are irreplaceable resources in modern industry, so they are known as are 'industrial vitamins'.

The following rare earth compounds can be widely used in the field of optical semiconductors:

  • Potassium Gadolinium Tungstate (KGW)
  • Cerium Magnesium Aluminate, Terbium-Doped
    Lanthanum Aluminum Oxide Single Crystal Substrate
    Yttrium Aluminum Perovskite doped with Cerium
    Yttrium Aluminum Oxide
    Ytterbium Aluminum Garnet
    Gadolinium Arsenide
    Lutetium Arsenide
    Thulium Arsenide
    Cerium Sulfide
    Strontium Iodide, Europium-doped
    Yttrium Oxysulfide
    Yttrium Aluminum Perovskite doped with Thulium
    Erbium doped Yttrium Aluminum Perovskite (Er:YAP)
    Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG)
    Dysprosium Arsenide
    Holmium Arsenide
    Terbium Arsenide
    Ytterbium Arsenide
    Cerium Selenide